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(No Model?) 3 Sheets Sheet 1. J. KIRBY, Jr.

WATER CLOSET No. 596,071. Patented Dec. 28,1897.

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3 SheetsSheet 2.

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J. KIRBY, Jr.

WATER CLOSET I No. 596,071. Patented Dec. 28, 1897.

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(No Mbdel.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3. J. KIRBY, Jr.

. WATER CLOSET. No. 596,071. P'aten tedDec. 28,1897.

Xnventur Nrrnn STATES JOHN KIRBY, JR., OF DAYTON, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO THE DAYTON MANU- FACTURING COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

WATER-CLOSET.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 596,071, dated December 28, 1897.

Original application filed October 19, 1896, Serial No. 609,817. Divided and this application filed May 18, 1897. Serial No. 637,033. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN KIRBY, Jr., a citizen of the United States, residing at Dayton, in the county of Montgomery and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Water-Closets; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the invention.

My invention relates to water-closets of the class in which the valve for regulating the flow of water for flushing the closet is operated by the movement of the lid or seat and in which a service-pan is employed beneath the bowl for retaining the deposit and a given quantity of water until the same has been emptied by the dumping of said pan, such closets being more particularly designed for use in railroad-cars, steamboats, and similar places where the supply of water is limited and is usually carried in tanks.

The invention further relates to the class of said closets which are commonly called sanitary closets, and which are intended of my invention is to so construct the hopper and bowl (which are preferably made of earthenware) that when the bowl is broken another may be substituted without disturbing the hopper, thereby avoiding the loss of the same and the expense otherwise attending its replacement.

Another object of my invention is to provide a more efficient and practical means of mounting the service-pan of such closets, whereby it may have a more closely fitting seat than is afforded when the seat is formed in the earthenware, which, for causes incident to the manufacture of such ware, is difficult to obtain uniform.

A further object of my invention is to so construct water-closets of the class herein described as not to permit cold air to enter the room in which such closets are located through the open bottom of the hopper, and this I accomplish by dividing the hopper into two compartments, an upper and a lower, by means of a plate on which the service-pan, which is normally closed, is mounted, and which separates the outer from the inner atmosphere, thereby preventing freezing; and a further object of my invention is to provide simple and efficient means for converting such water-closets into dry closets when the supply of water is exhausted and until a fresh supply can be obtained.

The invention set forth in this specification and illustrated in the drawings forming a part hereof is partially described and shown in the specification and drawings of my application for Letters Patent of the United States, Serial No. 609,317, filed October 19,-

1896, of which this application is a division, the invention claimed in said application, Serial No. 609,317, being similar to that claimed herein, but which in the main is limited to a construction in which the bowl is entirely within the hopper, also to a hopper having a flushing conduit formed in the upper end thereof. I therefore disclaim herein the invention set forth in said application Serial No. 609,317.

, The invention will be fully described in the following specification, pointed out in the claims at the end thereof, and shown in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a side elevation of the closet in position for use and in which a portion of the hopper is broken away, showing a section of same through the center of its back wall, also a section through one of its side Walls, and showing the bowl and the manner in which it is mounted, the service-pan closed, and the pan-operating mechanism, the position of the latter with relation to the lid when raised being represented by dotted lines and the shelf to which the seat is hinged being shown in section through the opening cut out to accommodate the offset arm and shaft and the forward bracket removed; Fig. 2, a perspective view of the closet in position for use, the seat being shown down, the lid up, the

hopper in section through its longitudinal 100 center, with the bowl broken away and the service-pan down, the trip-pawl being shown in solid lines in position to operate the closet as a dry closet and in dotted lines as a watercloset; Fig. 3, a rear elevation of the closet, the lid and seat being shown in partial section through the center line of the valveplug; Fig. 4, a similar view to Fig. 1, illustratinga modification of the structural detail and in which the upper portion of the hopper is broken away, showing the hopper and bowl in section through the center of the closet and the pan-operating mechanism connected with the seat, the lid being dispensed with; Fig. 5, a rear view of the division-plate with the service-pan and its operating mechanism mounted thereon, the sliding rod being broken off about midway of its length; Fig. 6, a perspective view of the service-pan detached; Fig. 7, a perspective view of the pan-operating lever detached; Fig. 8, a similar View of the main operatinglever, shaft, and arm combined; Fig. 9, a similar view of the trip-catch; Fig. 10, aperspective view of the mechanism which connects the seat with the pan-operating lever, the same being detached therefrom; Fig. 11, a similar view of the trip-shaft, lever, and pawl combined; Fig. 12, a broken perspective view of the bowl and division-plate shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and Fig. 13 a broken perspective view of the hopper.

Similar numerals of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures of the drawings.

1 represents the bowl, provided with aneck 2 for connection with a curved pipe 3, leading from a valve 4, which may be of any suitable construction and through which water is supplied from a suitable tank (not shown) into a flushing-conduit 5, extending from the neck 2 entirely around the upper end of the? bowl, the inner wall of the conduit being proi vided with a series of perforations 6, through which water flows down over the inner sur-i face of the bowl into the service-pan. On

the inside of the hopper 7 and at a suitablej distance below its top is formed an inwardlyprojecting rib 8, extending around the inner wall thereof and forming a bearing for a di- K vision-plate 9, which is preferably bedded in putty and bolted to the rib, as shown at 10. I Projecting outwardly from the hopper and near its lower end is a flange 11, on which the hopper rests and through which it is screwed to the floor by screws 12. An opening 13 is formed in the back of the hopper, through which the mechanism connecting the woodwork with the service-pan is operative. The

division-plate 9 has a circular opening 14, through which protrudes the lower end of the bowl, which is provided with a shoulder'15, which rests upon the upper side of the division-plate and is secured thereto by means of bolts 16, two of which are preferably leaded into the bowl and which pass through suitable openings in the division-plate, said bolts The top of the combined bowl and conduit is somewhat larger than the top of the hopper and overlaps the same, their meeting surfaces being provided with grooves or recesses 20 and 21 to receive a rubber or other packing 22.

23 is the service-pan, provided with brackets 24 25 and journals 26 and 27, which oscillate in bearings 28 29, attached to the division-plate, the latter being provided with a circular shoulder 30, against which the service-pan closes. The division plate is pro vided with a box or pocket 31, through the inner wall of which journal 27 projects and to the free end of which is attached a panoperating lever having arms 32 33, arm 32 having an inwardly-projecting lug 34. To the arm 33 is pivoted a hub 35, to which is attached a pan-raisin g rod 36, the free end of which slides freely through a guide 37, rotatably mounted in a bifurcated arm 38 and having its free end screw-threaded to receive a nut 39, which forms a stop for the backward movement of said bifurcated arm and prevents its withdrawal from the rod. The top side of the division-plate is provided with standards 40 41 and 42 43. The standards 40 41 form bearings for a shaft 44, to one end of which is secured the main operating-lever 45, having an arm 46, provided with a radiallysurfaced lug 47 to engage with lug 34 of the arm 32. A coil-spring 48 surrounds the shaft 44, one end of the said spring being secured to the said shaft and the opposite end hearing against the back side of the standard 40, the function of this spring being to automatically return shaft 44 and its attachments to their proper positions after each operation and in the mannerhereinafter more fully explained.

The standards 42 43 form bearings for a trip-shaft 49, to the end of which is attached an arm 50, having a trip-pawl 51, adapted to be thrown between a stop 52 and the rear of the arm 46, and thus set the main operatinglever out of position for engagement with its codperating mechanism in a manner presently to be described.

The woodwork of the closet consists of a lid or cover 53, hinged by hinges 54 55 to a back shelf 56, and a seat 57, hinged by hinges 58 59 to a back shelf 60, the latterbeing supported on brackets 61 62, screwed to a wall or partition 63. A plate 64, having an offset arm (55 and a shaft 66, the latter extending at right angles to said arm, is attached to the under side of the lid, and the arm and shaft extend through the shelf 60, which is cut out to accommodate the same. The upper end of the bifurcated arm 38 is journaled on the shaft 66, between a shoulder 67 and a trip-catch 68, which is also journaled on said IIO shaft and is provided with a projecting lug 69, adapted to overlap the bifurcated arm 38 and to form a stop for the movement of the trip-catch 68, so as to bring the latter in proper position to engage the upper end of the main operating-lever 45 when the lid is raised, and to hold it in such position until released by the lowering of the lid.

I will now more fully describe the operation of the closet. The service-pan is held up to its seat (shoulder 30 on the under side of the division-plate) by the radially-surfaced lug 47, below which the forward end of the inwardly-projecting lug 34 of arm 32 engages, thus forming a lock which retains the pan in a closed position at all times, except during the downward movement of the lid, in which movement the trip-catch 68 is carried radially rearward, thereby rotating the main operating-lever 45 and the arm 46 of same, together with the radiallyrsurfaced lug 47, until the lugs 34 and 47 become disengaged, lug 34, which is also radially formed,passing over the lug 47 which action is caused by the weight of the pan and its relation to its journals, and which when lugs 34 and 47 become disengaged is free to drop to the position shown in Fig. 2, an elastic cushion being attached to the hopper for the pan to strike against. After the lugs 34 and 47 have become disengaged and the trip-catch 68 has released the main operatingdever 45, the latter,

with its attachments, is at once returned to its normal position by the action of spring 48, the stop 52 limiting its return movement. when the lid is in an upright position, the bifurcated arm 38 hangs in a vertical position and rod 36 projects through the guide 37 a considerable distance, as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 1, and the dumping of the pan throws the hub 35 forward, carrying with it the rod 36 until nut 39 comes in contact with guide 37. Then as the lid proceeds downwardly,carrying with it shaft 66, which moves on a radial line in the opposite direction, the pan-journals 26 and 27 are rotated in a reverse direction, carrying with them the service-pan and the arms 32 33 of the pan-operating lever until the pan reaches its normal position and lugs 34 and 47 become reengaged. Hub 35, rod 36, guide 37, and bifurcated arm 38, all being loosely connected, so adjust their respective positions during the movement of the lid as to permit the latter to be raised without affecting the pan-operating mechanism, and in raising the lid trip-catch 68 strikes the upper end of the main operating-lever 45, and, being loosely journaled on the shaft 66, swings over it and drops back to its proper position behind the lever, as shown by dotted lines in Fig. l, to trip it again on the next downward movement of the lid.

WVater for supplying closets such as I have described is usually carried in a tank overhead and is fed through a feed-pipe 71 to a stand-pipe 7 2,adapted to hold just the amount required to properly flush the closet, and this standpipe is in communication with the valve, the ports of which are usually so arranged that a partial movement of the lid in one direction will open the one leading from the stand-pipe, and a further movement in the same direction will close it again, so that as the pan is dumped water will flow into the flushing-conduit and thence over the interior of the bowl, while the further movement of the lid in the same direction will close the port; The valve-plug which opens and closes the ports being extended beyond the body of the valve and connected with a plate 7 3,which is secured to the lid, as shown, and by which the plug is operated, the valve is usually provided with several ports, so that the plug may be set to bring either of them into communication with the flushing-conduit, whereby the closet may be flushed at either of several positions of the lid; but as the valve and its appurtenances form no part of my invention I will not further describe these features.

It sometimes occurs that the tank will become empty when there are no means at hand for filling it, and in extremely cold weather it is desirable to empty the tank and use the closet without water, and in such cases the service-pan should always be down when the lid is up and up when the lid is down, so that dust and cold will be excluded when the closet is not in use, and in order that the closet may readily be changed from a water to a dry one I provide the shaft 49, having the arm 50 and trip-pawl 51, through the medium of which the change can be quickly made. \Vhen water is used, the pawl is in an elevated position, as shown in Fig. 1, and when it is desired to change to a dry closet the same can be done by tilting the arm 50, which throws the trip-pawl 51 into engagement with the arm 46 of the main operatinglever, thus throwing and retaining the latter out of engagement with trip-catch 68, and the pan will then drop with the raising of the lid and close with the lowering of it.

In the foregoing I have described what I consider to be the best manner of carrying out my invention, and in Fig. 4 of the drawings I have shown the operating mechanism and the valve connected with the seat, the lid being dispensed with.

Other modifications may be made and the details of construction shown and described may be departed from in various ways without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore I do not limit my invention to the exact construction shown and described herein.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a water-closet of the class described, a hopper, a bowl separable therefrom and having a portion therein, the upper end of said bowl being of a diameter larger than the inner diameter of the hopper and having a shoulder by which it is mounted directly on and partially above the upper end of the hopper, a flushing-conduit formed in the wall of the bowl at the upper end thereof, and into which water for flushing the closet is dis charged, the same being in open communication with the interior of the bowl, a seat or lid mounted above the bowl, a division-plate mounted within the hopper below the top thereof and at or near the bottom of the bowl, and a service-pan operated by the movement of the seat or lid through the medium of suitable connecting mechanism.

2. In a water-closet of the class described, a hopper, and a bowl separable therefrom; mounted thereon and having a portion therein, said bowl being provided witha flushingconduit formed integral therewith and communicatin g with the interior thereof, and into which water for flushing the closet is discharged, a rib or bearing formed on the interior of the hopper below the top thereof, a division-plate separable from said hopper and supported by said rib or bearing at or near the bottom of said bowl, a seat or lid mounted above the bowl, and a service-pan carried by said division-plate and operated by the movement of said seat or lid, substantially as set forth.

3. In a water-closet of the class described, ahopper, a bowl separable therefrom; mounted on the upper end thereof and having a portion therein, a rib or bearing formed on the interior of the hopper below the top thereof, a division-plate separable from said hopper and supported by said 'rib or hearing at or near the bottom of said bowl, a seat or lid mounted above said hopper and bowl, a service-pan carried by said division-plate and operated by the movement of said seat or lid through the medium of suit-able connecting mechanism, in combination with a trip-pawl adapted to disengage said mechanism, whereby the closet may be used as a dry closet, substantially as set forth.

4. In a water-closetof the class described, a hopper, a bowl having a flushing-conduit formed in the top thereof and a shoulder formed below said conduit and by which the bowl is mounted on the upper end of the hopper with its portion below said shoulder extending into the same, a rib or bearing formed on the interior of the hopper below the top thereof, a division-plate separable from said hopper and carried by said rib or hearing at or near the bottom of said bowl, a dumping service-pan carried by the division-plate, a seat formed 011 the latter for the service-pan to close against, and a seat or lid mounted above the bowl, in combination with mechanism for connecting the service-pan with said seat or lid, whereby the former is operated by the movement of the latter, substantially as set forth.

5. As a new article of manufacture for water-closets, an earthenware bowl provided with a flushing-conduit formed in the upper end thereof, an opening through its outer wall for the discharge of water into said conduit, a series of perforations through its inner wall for the discharge of water over the inner surface of the bowl, a supporting-shoulder formed around the outer wall of the bowl near the top thereof and below said conduit, said shoulder being adapted to support the bowl on the upper end of a suitable supportinghopper, and a shoulder formed around the outer wall of the bowl at or near the bottom thereof, in combination with a hopper provided with a rib or bearing formed on its interior below the top thereof, and means for securing the bowl to said hopper, substantially as set forth.

6. As a new article of manufacture for water-closets, an earthenware bowl provided with a flushing-conduit formed in the upper end thereof, an opening through its outer wall for the discharge of water into said conduit, a series of perforations through its inner wall for the discharge of water over the inner surface of the bowl, a supporting-shoulder formed around the outer wall of the bowl near the top thereof and below said conduit, said shoulder being adapted to support the bowl on the upper end of a suitable supporting-hopper, one or more grooves or recesses formed on the under side of said shoulder, and a supporting-shoulder formed around the outer wall of the bowl at or near the bottom thereof, in combination with a hopper provided with a rib or bearing formed on its IOO 

